The Other Stars of the Titanic Tragedy

It seems that this painting by Gordon Johnson is not correct in one respect: the haze on the horizon wasn't there.

My wife and daughter and I visited the Titanic exhibition at the National Geographic Society yesterday, and on the way in we were interviewed by a local CBS radio reporter. I’m afraid we didn’t have that much interesting to say. We weren’t aware of any anniversary (at least, not that it was yesterday in particular) and we weren’t there specifically to see the Titanic exhibition (I was more excited about the Samurai one to tell the truth). But I felt bad about giving such a lackluster interview that I think I’ve been struggling to justify the visit after the fact.

Thanks to The Online Photographer, my favorite photography blog, I found an angle that captured my imagination, and I’ve been thinking about it all day. Yesterday, editor Mike Johnson published a long excerpt from Lawrence Beesley’s 1918 book (now in the public domain), “The Loss of the S.S. (sic) Titanic”. The chapter excerpted is matter-of-factly called “The Sinking of the Titanic, Seen from a Lifeboat.” Beesley was the one doing the seeing.

I’m only going to post a small chunk of the text, rather the way an iceberg presents only a tiny tip of itself out of water. It actually struck me (sorry) for the finely-recorded details of what a spectacular night it was that the ship learned it wasn’t an unterseeboot. Any amateur astronomer on board would have felt supremely lucky to be rewarded with such a starry night, thus making him or her no doubt doubly bitter upon freezing to death in the icy water a few hours later.

Here’s the very fine bit of writing that captures what an exceptionally clear, dark and still night sky served as the backdrop for all that sad drama:

The night was one of the most beautiful I have ever seen: the sky without a single cloud to mar the perfect brilliance of the stars, clustered so thickly together that in places there seemed almost more dazzling points of light set in the black sky than background of sky itself; and each star seemed, in the keen atmosphere, free from any haze, to have increased its brilliance tenfold and to twinkle and glitter with a staccato flash that made the sky seem nothing but a setting made for them in which to display their wonder. They seemed so near, and their light so much more intense than ever before, that fancy suggested they saw this beautiful ship in dire distress below and all their energies had awakened to flash messages across the black dome of the sky to each other; telling and warning of the calamity happening in the world beneath. Later, when the Titanic had gone down and we lay still on the sea waiting for the day to dawn or a ship to come, I remember looking up at the perfect sky and realizing why Shakespeare wrote the beautiful words he puts in the mouth of Lorenzo:—

Jessica, look how the floor of heaven
Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold.
There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’st
But in his motion like an angel sings,
Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubims;
Such harmony is in immortal souls;
But whilst this muddy vesture of decay
Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it.

[It's sad that most of us don't find that we understand Shakespeare better in the face of tragedy. Those Edwardians had some uncommon depth. Gads, sorry again. -Ed.]

But it seemed almost as if we could—that night: the stars seemed really to be alive and to talk. The complete absence of haze produced a phenomenon I had never seen before: where the sky met the sea the line was as clear and definite as the edge of a knife, so that the water and the air never merged gradually into each other and blended to a softened rounded horizon, but each element was so exclusively separate that where a star came low down in the sky near the clear-cut edge of the waterline, it still lost none of its brilliance. As the earth revolved and the water edge came up and covered partially the star, as it were, it simply cut the star in two, the upper half continuing to sparkle as long as it was not entirely hidden, and throwing a long beam of light along the sea to us.

Monday Night’s Lunar Eclipse…will we see it?

Late Monday night/early Tuesday morning, the moon will be passing through earth’s shadow. It’s called a lunar eclipse, and it’s a wonderful astronomical show. There are no tickets to buy, though you might need an alarm so you wake up to catch it. Oh yeah, and some lack of clouds. As of right now, it’s not looking too promising. But the Finger Lakes is a quilt of microclimates and the big weather services don’t seem to do a good job for predicting the weather in lowly little rust-belt Geneva. Sometime I think they give us the forecast for Rochester or Buffalo, both of which lie in the normal lake-effect snowbelt. Geneva doesn’t. But I digress. It will either be clear or not. If it is, it’s worth taking a walk outside to catch some of the action.

A composite image of a lunar eclipse from 2007 by John Wang Photography (flickr creative commons)

The eclipse officially begins at 12:55 EST (aka Finger Lakes Time), when the moon’s leading edge enters the penumbra, or outer shadow of the earth. By the way, that’s AM. As in, put the kids to bed and set an alarm. This eclipse is not for the weak of constitution. At 1:33 AM the edge will enter the umbra, and the partial eclipse will have begun. The penumbra is a gradual transition and the first parts of it don’t really have a visible effect on the moon’s appearance. At what point between 12:55 and 1:33 do you notice the moon darkening?

The moon will enter the umbra, or inner shadow of the earth, at 2:41am, and it will stay there until 3:53am. NASA recommends that if you have only one moment to look at the eclipse, it should be 3:17am, when the moon is deepest in Earth’s shadow. What color will it be? It’s often a deep rusty red color, but it depends on the earth’s atmosphere; given all the volcanic activity in the last year, sunrises and sunsets have been more colorful, and that should (literally) reflect on the moon. The color you see on the moon during totality is a reflection of the ring of sunsets/sunrises a lunar explorer (were she present on the moon tomorrow night) would see as the earth passes in front of the sun. You know that sailing expression, red sun at night, sailor’s delight, red sun in the morning, sailor take warning…well, what if you see both at once? I’d say check your air supply and head back to the base before you push your luck.

The whole show is over between 5:15 and 5:30. When can you last see a trace of the earth’s penumbra on the moon?

The lunar eclipse, if the weather gods give us a reprieve from the clouds, is a great and easy way to touch base with the universe. You don’t really need anything to watch it except your eyes and some warm clothes. If you’ve got binoculars or a telescope, have at it, but this is one of the universe’s displays that people can enjoy with just their eyes.

For those of you watching your calendar, or you pagans out there who think you know the true meaning of Christmas (or at least, it’s timing in the calendar), tomorrow is the Winter Solstice. The coincidence of the eclipse and the solstice is just that, a coincidence. No, it’s not further evidence of the Mayan Apocalypse, so don’t pick up the phone and dial Mel Gibson just yet. Here’s what NASA has to say about the coincidence:

This lunar eclipse falls on the date of the northern winter solstice. How rare is that? Total lunar eclipses in northern winter are fairly common. There have been three of them in the past ten years alone. A lunar eclipse smack-dab on the date of the solstice, however, is unusual. Geoff Chester of the US Naval Observatory inspected a list of eclipses going back 2000 years. “Since Year 1, I can only find one previous instance of an eclipse matching the same calendar date as the solstice, and that is 1638 DEC 21,” says Chester. “Fortunately we won’t have to wait 372 years for the next one…that will be on 2094 DEC 21.”

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